Raising backyard chickens is more than a hobby—it’s a lifestyle rooted in sustainability, care, and connection. Whether you're new to chicken keeping or refining your flock’s diet, understanding chicken feed basics is essential. From organic feed to scratch grains, pellets, supplements, and treats, here’s your complete guide to feeding a healthy, productive flock.
What Feed to Start With (By Age and Purpose)
Feed and Protein Guide:
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0–6 weeks (Chicks): Chick Starter (18–20% protein)
Always keep feed and water available. Chicks dehydrate quickly, especially in warm brooders. Use a clean waterer with fresh, cool water and consider adding electrolytes during heat or transport stress. -
6–18 weeks (Pullets): Grower Feed (16–18% protein)
Transition to grower feed gradually. Avoid calcium-rich layer feed during this stage to protect kidney health. -
18+ weeks (Laying Hens): Layer Feed (16–17% protein, with added calcium)
Begin once hens start laying or around 18 weeks. Offer free-choice oyster shell for added calcium. -
Broilers (0–8 weeks): Broiler Feed (20–24% protein)
High-protein feed supports rapid growth. Some broiler growers switch to a lower-protein finisher in the final 2 weeks to reduce excess fat.
Water is Just as Important as Feed
Clean, cool water should always be available, especially for chicks, broilers, and in hot weather. Use a fresh waterer and consider an electrolyte and vitamin mix during:
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Heatwaves
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Illness or recovery
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Post-shipping or stressful events
A good system includes two waterers: one with plain water, and one with an occasional supplement (1–2 times per week max).
Pellets vs. Crumbles vs. Fermented Feed
|
Type |
Pros |
Cons |
|
Pellets |
Less waste, harder for chickens to flick out |
Harder for young birds or small breeds |
|
Crumbles |
Easier for all ages to eat |
Can be messier |
|
Fermented Feed |
Improves digestion, boosts gut health, stretches feed |
Requires prep time, can spoil if mishandled |
Tip: To ferment feed, soak pellets or crumbles in water (1:1 ratio) for 24 hours at room temperature. Stir occasionally and feed within 1–2 days.
Organic, Free-Range, and Pasture-Raised Explained
Organic feed is free of GMOs, pesticides, and synthetic additives. It’s ideal for those who value clean, sustainable eggs and farming practices.
Free-range refers to birds that are let out to roam and forage during the day. It’s great for mental stimulation and natural behaviors.
Pasture-raised chickens live with access to true pasture, sunlight, bugs, and fresh greens. Their eggs tend to have higher levels of vitamin D and omega-3s.
Note: Even with free-range or pasture-raised birds, a complete feed is still essential.
Seasonal Feeding Tips
Summer
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Add electrolytes to water
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Avoid heavy scratch mixes (especially corn) during extreme heat
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Chickens eat less when hot, so monitor weight and hydration closely
Winter
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Offer scratch for energy
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Add sunflower seeds or warm fermented feed
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Keep feed dry and accessible in freezing temperatures
High-Impact Treats and Their Nutritional Benefits
|
Treat |
Benefit |
|
Black Soldier Fly Larvae |
High in protein and calcium; excellent during molting or egg-laying |
|
Mealworms |
Rich in protein; great for training, bonding, and molting support |
|
Sunflower Seeds (Black Oil) |
Provides healthy fats for energy and feather health |
|
Sprouted Grains |
Improves digestion and boosts vitamin content, especially in winter |
|
Cabbage on a String |
Encourages activity; provides hydration and trace nutrients |
Feed treats in moderation—no more than 10% of the total diet—and always ensure access to clean water.
How to Sprout Seeds for Chickens
Sprouting increases digestibility and nutrient value. To get started:
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Soak wheat, barley, or lentils in water for 8–12 hours
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Drain and rinse, then place seeds in a shallow tray
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Rinse daily and keep moist, out of direct sunlight
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Sprouts are ready to feed in 2–4 days
Sprouts are a great winter green and can easily be scaled using stackable trays.